(Click here to review Lao Vowels)
Su4uN/High Class Consonants |
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The first group of consonants to learn is the su4uN class. The su4uN consonants are pronounced with a low rising tone. |
If we list the su4uN and ta#m/Low Class consonants side by side, we see that there are su4uN symbols corresponding to some ta#m symbols. |
If the letter ຫ is placed before one of these ta#m consonants: ງ, ຍ, ນ, ມ, ລ, or ວ, they follow the rules of the su4uN class. |
In the above combinations the ຫ is silent. It only serves to indicate that the following consonant is to be considered a su4uN consonant. (Notice how ຫ is joined to ນ and ມ e.g. ຫ + ນ = ໜ ; ຫ + ມ = ໝ ; The combination ຫ + ລ is often written ຫຼ. ຫ + ຍ is often written ຫຽ .) The syllable ຂາ is pronounced kha4a. Look at the following syllables and read them aloud. |
WHAT INHERENT TONE DO THEY (high class consonants) HAVE? Answer! (Click here to refer to the Lao Tones Chart.) Rule: su4uN + long vowel has low rising tone. PRACTICE READING THE FOLLOWING SYLLABLES: |
Look at the following and read them aloud. |
WHAT TONE DO THEY HAVE? Answer! (Click here to refer to the Lao Tones Chart.) Rule: su4uN + short vowel + sonorant has low rising tone. PRACTICE READING THE FOLLOWING SYLLABLES: |
READ THE FOLLOWING: |
WHAT TONE DO THEY HAVE AND WHY? Answer! (Click here to refer to the Lao Tones Chart.) READ THE FOLLOWING SYLLABLES: |
WHAT TONE DO THEY HAVE AND WHY? Answer! (Click here to refer to the Lao Tones Chart.) PRACTICE READING THE FOLLOWING SYLLABLES: |
ຂູ | ແຫງ | ສີ | ເຫຍ | ຖໍ | ແໝ | ຜາ | |
ໜື | ເຝີ | ໂຫລ | ຫູ | ຫວີ | |||
ເວລາສອງໂມງຍັງຊາວ | ຍາພໍ່ຊິເອົາຫຍັງ | ||||||
ເຈົ້າກິນກາເຟນົມບໍ | ແນວນີ້ດີທໍ່ກັບແນວນັ້ນ | ||||||
ເຈົ້າມີຢາເຈັບຫົວຂາຍ |
Here are some su4uN syllables with mày eêk: |
WHAT TONE DO THEY HAVE? Answer! (Click here to refer to the Lao Tones Chart.) Rule: A syllable which begins with a su4uN consonant and has a mày eêk has high-mid tone. (The use of the mày eêk is the same for all three classes of consonants. It always indicates high-mid tone.) PRACTICE READING THE FOLLOWING SYLLABLES: |
ສໍດຳສີເຫລືອງຢູ່ເທິງຕັ່ງ |
ເຈົ້າຂຽນໜັງສືສອງສາມກ້ານ |
ຕອນແລງລາວກິນຢູ່ຮາ້ນອາຫານ |
ຢູ່ເສັນທາງສາມແສນໄທ |
ອາຫານຈີນແຊບຫລາຍ |
ນ້ອງສາວມັກສອນໜັງສື |
The mày thóo indicates high falling tone for the kaaN/Middle Class and ta#m/Low Class consonants: e.g. |
For the su4uN/High class, however, it indicates low falling tone. e.g. |
Rule: su4uN + mày thóo has low falling tone. PRACTICE READING THE FOLLOWING SYLLABLES: (Remember: (1) Any consonant + mày eêk has high-mid tone (2) kaaN or ta#m + mày thóo has high falling tone (3) su4uN + mày thóo has low falling tone) Click here to refer to the Lao Tones Chart |
ຂ້ອຍຄຶດວ່າລາວຊິໄປມື້ອື່ນ | ລາວຊິເຮັດການຜູ້ດຽວ |
ຂ້ອຍຖາມວ່າເຈົ້າມີສໍບໍ | ຫົວໜ້າຊິຂີ່ຣົຖໄປທ່າເດື່ອ |
ຂ້ອຍອາຍຸຊາວຫ້າແລ້ວ | ພໍ່ຄ້າໄດ້ໄປໄຊຍະບູຣີ |
ທະຫານຊິເມືອບ້ານມື້ໄດ | ສາຣິຊິມາວຽງຈັນມື້ຮື |
All of the syllables in the above exercises were "Smooth or Live." That is, they ended in a long vowel or a final m, n, N, l, r, y, w. The following exercises will deal with "Checked or Dead" syllables: Syllables ending in -p, -t, -k, glottal stop (sudden closure of the glottis). The reason for this is that the air flow of these syllables is checked or stopped, i.e. made "dead" by the lips (-p), the tip/blade of the tongue (-t), the back of the tongue (-k), or closure of the glottis (?). |
Look at the following and read them aloud. |
WHAT KIND OF SYLLABLES ARE THESE? Answer! WHY? Answer! WHAT TONE DO THEY HAVE? Answer! (Click here to refer to the Lao Tones Chart.) Rule: su4uN + long vowel (smooth/live syllable)+ stop has low falling tone. PRACTICE READING THE FOLLOWING SYLLABLES: |
ລູກເຂີຍເຮັດການຢູ່ໂຮງໝໍ |
ບ້ານຂອງທ້າວອາດຢູ່ປາກເຊ |
ຂໍໂທດ ຍາອ້າຍຊື່ຫຍັງ |
ມື້ນີ້ປາຢູ່ທ່າງ່ອນຖືກຫລາຍ |
ຂ້ອຍຊິດີໃຈຖ້າຫາກເຈົ້າບໍ່ສູບຢາ |
There are two more su4uN rules to learn, those for su4uN + short vowel and su4uN + short vowel + stop. Look at the following and read them aloud. |
WHAT TONE DO THEY HAVE? Answer! (Click here to refer to the Lao Tones Chart.) Rule: su4uN + short vowel has high rising tone. Rule: su4uN + short vowel + stop has high rising tone. PRACTICE READING THE FOLLOWING SYLLABLES: |
ລູກຊາຍຂ້ອຍອາຍຸສິບຫົກແລ້ວ |
ເຈົ້າມັກອາຫານເຜັດບໍ |
ມື້ນີ້ເຮົາບໍ່ໄປໂຮງຮຽນເໜາະ |
ຂ້ອຍຫາກໍ່ເລີ້ມອ່ານປຶ້ມນີ້ |
ເຈົ້າຊິສອນຕໍ່ແມ່ນບໍ |
Các phụ âm | ຂ | ສ | ຖ | ຜ | ຝ | ຫ |
Đọc | Khỏ | Sỏ | Thỏ | Phỏ | Fỏ | Hỏ |
Phụ âm cao | | Phụ âm thấp | |
ຂ | Khỏ | ຄ | Kho |
ສ | Sỏ | ຊ | Xo |
ຖ | Thỏ | ທ | Tho |
ຜ | Phỏ | ພ | Pho |
ຝ | Fỏ | ຟ | Fo |
ຫ | Hỏ | ຮ | Ho |
Cao | | Thấp | |
ຫ' | Ngỏ | ງ | Ngo |
ຫຍ | Nhỏ | ຍ | Nho |
ໜ | Nỏ | ນ | No |
ໝ | Mỏ | ມ | Mo |
ຫລ | Lỏ | ລ | Lo |
ຫວ | Vỏ | ວ | Vo |
ຂາ | ສໍ | ຖື | ເຂີu | ເສ | ຖູ |
Khả | Sỏ | Thử | Khở | Sể | Thú |
ຂາ | ຂາ | ຖື | ສໍ | ເຖ | ແສ | ຖີ | ຂໍ | ຂູ |
ຜົມ | ຝົນ |
Phổm | Fỏn |
ຖານ | ສູງ | ຜົມ | ຝັງ | ຜິວ | ສາວ |
ຝົນ | ຫົງ | ເຂັມ | ຫິນ | ຂາຍ | ຖອຍ |
ງູ | ມໍ | ຍາ | ເນ | ວີ | ລື |
Ngu | Mo | Nha | Nê | Vi | Lư |
ຫງູ | ໝໍ | ຫຍາ | ເໜ | ຫວີ | ຫລື | ຫຼື |
Ngủ | Mỏ | Nhả | Nể | Vỉ | Lữ | Lữ |
ຂູ | ແຫງ | ສີ | ເຫຍ | ຖໍ | ແໝ | ຜາ | |
ໜື | ເຝີ | ໂຫລ | ຫູ | ຫວີ | | | |
ເວລາສອງໂມງຍັງຊາວ | ຍາພໍ່ເອົາຊິຫຍັງ | ||||||
ເຈົ້າກິນກາເຟນົມບໍ | ແນວນີ້ດີທໍ່ກັບແນວນັ້ນ | ||||||
ເຈົ້າມີຢາເຈັບຫົວຂາຍ | | ||||||
ຫົ່ງ | ຂ່າ | ສູ່ | ຫວີ່ | ຜ່ານ |
Hồng | Khà | Sù | Vì | Phàn |
ສໍດຳສີເຫລືອງຢູ່ເທິງຕັ່ງ |
ເຈົ້າຂຽນໜັງສືສອງສາມກ້ານ |
ຕອນແລງລາວກິນຢູ່ຮາ້ນອາຫານ |
ຢູ່ເສັນທາງສາມແສນໄທ |
ອາຫານຈີນແຊບຫລາຍ |
ນ້ອງສາວມັກສອນໜັງສື |
ຕົ້ນ | ບ້າ | ທ້າຍ | ນ້ອງ |
Tộn | Bạ | Thại | Nọng |
ຂ້ອຍ | ຜູ້ |
Khọi | Phụ |
ຂ້ອຍຄຶດວ່າລາວຊິໄປມື້ອື່ນ | ລາວຊິເຮັດການຜູ້ດຽວ |
ຂ້ອຍຖາມວ່າເຈົ້າມີສໍບໍ | ຫົວໜ້າຊິຂີ່ຣົຖໄປທ່າເດື່ອ |
ຂ້ອຍອາຍຸຊາວຫ້າແລ້ວ | ພໍ່ຄ້າໄດ້ໄປໄຊຍະບູຣີ |
ທະຫານຊິເມືອບ້ານມື້ໄດ | ສາຣິຊິມາວຽງຈັນມື້ຮື |
ສູບ | ຫາກ |
Sup | Hak |
ລູກເຂີຍເຮັດການຢູ່ໂຮງໝໍ |
ບ້ານຂອງທ້າວອາດຢູ່ປາກເຊ |
ຂໍໂທດ ຍາອ້າຍຊື່ຫຍັງ |
ມື້ນີ້ປາຢູ່ທ່າງ່ອນຖືກຫລາຍ |
ຂ້ອຍຊິດີໃຈຖ້າຫາກເຈົ້າບໍ່ສູບຢາ |
ຫົກ | ຫົກ | ເໜາະ | ເຜັດ | ຝົດ | ເໝາະ | ຖັກ | ຂຸ |
Hok | Sip | Nó | Phết | Fốt | Mó | Thắk | Khú |
ລູກຊາຍຂ້ອຍອາຍຸສິບຫົກແລ້ວ |
ເຈົ້າມັກອາຫານເຜັດບໍ |
ມື້ນີ້ເຮົາບໍ່ໄປໂຮງຮຽນເໜາະ |
ຂ້ອຍຫາກໍ່ເລີ້ມອ່ານປຶ້ມນີ້ |
ເຈົ້າຊິສອນຕໍ່ແມ່ນບໍ |
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